Click-based evidence for decaying weight distributions in search effectiveness metrics     

Yuye Zhang  Laurence A. F. Park  Alistair Moffat 《Information Retrieval》2010,13(1):46-69

Search effectiveness metrics are used to evaluate the quality of the answer lists returned by search services, usually based on a set of relevance judgments. One plausible way of calculating an effectiveness score for a system run is to compute the inner-product of the run’s relevance vector and a “utility” vector, where the ith element in the utility vector represents the relative benefit obtained by the user of the system if they encounter a relevant document at depth i in the ranking. This paper uses such a framework to examine the user behavior patterns—and hence utility weightings—that can be inferred from a web query log. We describe a process for extrapolating user observations from query log clickthroughs, and employ this user model to measure the quality of effectiveness weighting distributions. Our results show that for measures with static distributions (that is, utility weighting schemes for which the weight vector is independent of the relevance vector), the geometric weighting model employed in the rank-biased precision effectiveness metric offers the closest fit to the user observation model. In addition, using past TREC data as to indicate likelihood of relevance, we also show that the distributions employed in the BPref and MRR metrics are the best fit out of the measures for which static distributions do not exist.  相似文献   

The Iconic Obama, 2007–2009: Essays on Media Representations of the Candidate and the New President Nicholas A. Yanes and Derrais Carter,Editors. Jefferson,NC: McFarland, 2012.     

Laurence Raw 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2014,37(3):362-363

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The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon Brad Stone. London: Bantam Press, 2013.          下载免费PDF全文

Laurence Raw 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2015,38(2):194-194

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A data-based scheme for evaluating faculty performance     

Dr. Laurence Siegel 《Research in higher education》1978,8(3):255-271

Both sound management practice and the law require that administrative decisions affecting faculty members reflect systematic, uniformly applied, fair, and valid evaluations of performance. To meet these requirements a performance evaluation scheme must involve two decision elements, both of which are addressed and illustrated in this paper:what will be evaluated, andhow the evaluation will be made.A data-based faculty performance evaluation program specifically oriented toward such administrative actions as tenure, promotion, and salary adjustment is described. This program rests upon task analysis to clarify the nature of the desired evaluative content and peer review as the primary evaluative mechanism.The scheme is illustrated using the experience of a department of psychology training to the doctorate. However, the approach to faculty performance evaluation herein described and illustrated is generalizable, with modification, to other departments and institutions. Several considerations pertinent to such modification are discussed.  相似文献   

Ethnicity and Community Context as Moderators of the Relations between Family Decision Making and Adolescent Adjustment   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Susie D. Lamborn  Sanford M. Dornbusch  Laurence Steinberg 《Child development》1996,67(2):283-301

This study investigated whether the impact of 3 types of family decision making on the adjustment of 14–16-year-old youth was moderated by ethnicity, community context, or both. For joint and unilateral youth decision making, community context interacted with ethnicity in 3 patterns of influence: for Hispanic-American youth, variations in decision making had a stronger impact in ethnically mixed than in predominantly white communities; for African-American youth, the negative impact of unilateral youth decision making was stronger in predominantly white communities; and for Asian- and European-American youth, community context did not make a difference. For unilateral parental decision making, the popular hypothesis that apparent ethnic differences in the influence of parental strictness on adolescent adjustment are primarily due to differences in community context was not supported. Rather, the positive impact of unilateral parental decision making was similar among African-American youth living in predominantly white, and more affluent, communities or in more disadvantaged, ethnically mixed neighborhoods. The negative impact of authoritarian parenting was similar among European-American youth living in less advantaged communities as well as more affluent ones. There was no relation between unilateral parental control and adolescent adjustment of Asian- or Hispanic-American youth in either type of community.  相似文献   

Two-Sample Non-parametric Detectors Using Dependent Samples     

Emad Al-Hussaini  Farid Badran  Laurence Turner 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1977,304(6):265-278

The performance of two-sample non-parametric detectors using dependent samples is considered. It is shown that in the situation in which square-law envelope detection is employed, the signals to be detected fluctuate in accordance with a chi-square distribution and the background interference is additive Gaussian noise; the two-sample Generalized Sign (GS), Mann-Whitney (MW), Modified Savage (MS) and Modified Rank Square (MRS) detectors have superior asymptotic processing times to those that are obtained when independent samples are used. Also, it is shown that in addition to the advantage of improved performance, detection using dependent samples can have implementation advantages as compared with detection based on the use of independent samples.  相似文献   

Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life: links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Silk JS  Steinberg L  Morris AS 《Child development》2003,74(6):1869-1880

This study examined links between emotion regulation and adjustment in a sample of 152 adolescents in Grades 7 (M age = 12) and 10 (M age = 15). Emotion regulation was assessed using the experience sampling method, in which adolescents provided multiple reports about the intensity, lability, and strategies used to regulate negative emotions across 1 week. Adolescents also completed self-report measures of adjustment. Adolescents who reported more intense and labile emotions and less effective regulation of these emotions also reported more depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Responding to negative emotions with disengagement (e.g., denial) or involuntary engagement (e.g., rumination) was less effective in regulating negative affect, and greater use of these strategies was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms and problem behavior.  相似文献   

SAQ,SSI and STSE education: defending and extending “science-in-context”     

Bencze  Larry  Pouliot  Chantal  Pedretti  Erminia  Simonneaux  Laurence  Simonneaux  Jean  Zeidler  Dana 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2020,15(3):825-851

Cultural Studies of Science Education - Many scholars suggest that recent major science education initiatives apparently tied to intense economic competitiveness and growth have prioritized...  相似文献   

The role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Catts HW  Gillispie M  Leonard LB  Kail RV  Miller CA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(6):509-524

This study investigated the role of speed of processing, rapid naming, and phonological awareness in reading achievement. Measures of response time in motor, visual, lexical, grammatical, and phonological tasks were administered to 279 children in third grade. Measures of rapid object naming, phonological awareness, and reading achievement were given in second and fourth grades. Reading group comparisons indicated that poor readers were proportionally slower than good readers across response time measures and on the rapid object naming task. These results suggest that some poor readers have a general deficit in speed of processing and that their problems in rapid object naming are in part a reflection of this deficit. Hierarchical regression analyses further showed that when considered along with IQ and phonological awareness, speed of processing explained unique variance in reading achievement. This finding suggests that a speed of processing deficit may be an "extraphonological" factor in some reading disabilities.  相似文献   

The instructional gestalt: A conceptual framework and design for educational research     

Laurence Siegel  Lila Corkland Siegel 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1964,12(1):16-45

Summary The argument is advanced in this paper that the pattern of educational investigation wherein comparisons are made between so-called “ experimental” and “ conventional” instructional procedures tends to be defective on three counts: the criteria are often inappropriate or contaminated; the assumptions of homogeneity within and independence between “ experimental” and “ control” conditions are met only when these conditions are very grossly conceived; and the results reflect masking and cancellation effects, thereby revealing relatively little about what transpires in an instructional setting. The Instructional Gestalt is proposed as a methodological framework for educational research focusing upon the interactive nature of learner, instructor, and environmental and course variables constituting the instructional setting. Data generated by explorations within this framework can lead to the formulation of hypotheses which, if subsequently supported empirically, can become principles for inclusion in a theory of classroom learning. The nature of investigations proceeding from the Instructional Gestalt framework was clarified by presentation and discussion of an illustrative study. Since this illustration was only a representation in miniature of the larger investigation, the generalizations about teaching-learning suggested by it are of limited scope and subject to change. Nevertheless, these generalizations do indicate the kinds of hypotheses resulting from studies within the Instructional Gestalt framework. This paper summarizes the rationale underlying research on the Instructional Gestalt proceeding under a grant from the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Portions of this rationale have been presented at the annual meetings of the American Psychological Association in 1961 and 1962.  相似文献